Criminal investagation questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal investagation questions - Essay Example This would have other far-reaching consequences such as undermining the deterrence objective of legal punishment. Linking the suspect with the cigarette butt would for example dilute evidence, leading to acquaintance, and therefore promoting the criminal’s future involvement in crime. I would therefore disclose ownership and explain that the cigarette smoking occurred unconsciously (Berg 33). Upon arrival at a crime scene and I am not sure if the suspect has fled, I would inform the people of my position as a security officer and ask them to obey orders. I would then ask the people to put their hands where I can see them and then frisk the people to ensure that none of them is armed. I would then record their statements. I would not assume that the suspect has fled and would not consider the people as victims until I review all of their statements. In order to protect my partner, the victims, and myself, I would frisk the five people to ensure that none is armed. This is because a victim, if present and armed, may take advantage of any of the other parties to aid

The Stop Online Piracy Act Essay Example for Free

The Stop Online Piracy Act Essay The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP-Act (PIPA) is a bill that Congress are trying to pass in order to illegalize downloading and streaming movies and/or T. V shows; however the two legislation has Internet users in fear about censorship. Congress claims that companies and organizations are losing revenue from users who illegally download copyrighted programs and entertainment. Internet users state, this permits the government to disable freedom of speech and innovation, while enabling the government to censor and watch in the entire Internet for infringing content. The reason why SOPA and PIPA came about was due to companies annoyed with stolen content- which has proponents and opponents in a heated debate. Prior to SOPA and PIPA, there were two other bills that had the same foundation but did not pass. PIPA was first called, Combating Online Infringement (COICA) that failed in 2010. The re-written legislation had come back as PIPA to the Senate on May 12, 2011 by Senators Patrick Leahy, Orrin Hatch and Chuck Grassley. The second bill SOPA, was legislation that had been first been introduced as the Pro-IP Act in 2008 however failed. Then on October 26, 2011 SOPA was presented to the U. S. House of Representatives by Representative Lamar Smith. Creative America which is considered, the entertainment community, who basically own all the entertainment companies is the largest supporters of PIPA and SOPA. Creative America is comprised of many companies like The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA. ) On top of the MPAA: The Screen Actors Guild, The American Federation of TV and Radio Artists are pro-SOPA and PIPA. Even the music label companies are out to support, as well as the music publishers associations, and a long list of publishing houses who also support the acts. These companies have been estimated of paying100 million dollars on lobbyist in 2011 to pass these bills in order to protect their copyrights. SOPA and PIPA are two bills that work in conjunction of each other. Proponents claim, copyright holders are permitted to sue all domains that have their patent infringed whether or not their origin is from the U. S.  First corporations will create a hit list of websites who they feel are violating their copyright polices, then the corporation will be able to contact the websites payment processors to force them to cut their ties to whomever is infringing their copyrights. This will give the website five days to act before being shut down. The government will allow immunity to payment networks that comply with the bill, plus take recognition to sites that severely cut ties. Copyright holders who knowingly misrepresent a website for infringing copyrights will have to pay for all damages occurred. Opponents believe that SOPA and PIPA must not pass due to the domino effect it will create. Internet users are in fear that it will block freedom of speech. Many argue that the Internet cannot have any censorship because it violates Americans first amendment. These two bills will enable the U. S. Attorney General access to watch all Internet domains. The Internet Service Provider (ISP) will have to give up all information to the government when asked. Whats unfair is the government would not fund ISP even though they would be there minion. Moreover, other countries will follow suit, thus creating no access to foreign websites. Another issue is when a person posts someones intellectual content without permission, the website will have be shut down. All Internet users are in fear that this stifles innovation. A way that this stifles innovation is if someone posts on a blog of an article that features a logo or trademark of a corporation to use as a teaching method, the corporation can dislike the display and the blog can be shut down. Because SOPA and PIPA are so vague, it can be manipulated to the corporations advantage and be found true. If this bill was around when the Internet was first made, then there would have never been any websites like Youtube, Facebook, Twitter, Dropbox etc. because those sites will be liable for any person that violates the two bills. Due to the Acts liability, those companies wont last one minute without being sued. For example, Youtube created a new trend of letting their users upload their version of an artists song known as a, cover song. If the two bills were to pass, this will disable users to gain any attention to the music industry which can stop any discovery of the next biggest artist. January 18, 2012 was the day these two bills went to Congress for voting. Companies like Reddit, GoDaddy. com, Wiki, etc. went black in protest of the two bills. Many sites directed Internet users to sign a petition and to call or email the House of Representative- for the state the user resides in. Voices were heard and many supporters understood the vague thought of the two bills and backed out, thereby SOPA and PIPA didnt pass. Even if the bill did pass, it would have done little to stop pirating because the criminals who want to download illegal content will only need the IP address in order to reach the supposedly blocked sites. Criminals will find a way to get pass the Acts, thus making challenges for companies who want to follow the law waste time worrying about the implications of SOPA and PIPA. Although the opponents made sure that SOPA and PIPA didnt pass, Internet users know there is a problem with stolen intellectual property; however SOPA and PIPA was not the answer.

It is important to diferentiate between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure

It is important to diferentiate between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure Fixed Asset is last longer and not for resale. For example is premises, motor vehicles, machinery, and fixtures and fittings. Current Asset is liquid and bought for resale. For example is cash in hand, cash at bank, stock and debtor. i) Business entity concept is the affairs of a business are to be treated as being quite separate from the non-business activities of its owners. Example is the figure for fixed assets includes a camera that the owner of the business has bought for his own use. Accrual concept is concerned with the different between cash receipts and cash expenditure (actual payments and receipts of money for items) and revenue and expenditure. It states that items should be recorded when used and not when paid for. Example is a bill for electricity was received in the lost financial year but has been recorded in the current year as payment was only made recently. Going Concern Concept is it implies that the business will continue to operate for the foreseeable future. Example: the assumption should not be made are: If the business is going to close down in the near future Where shortage of cash makes it almost certain that the business will have to cease trading Business have to close down because of shortage of cash The term is about to close down as the owner is retiring the accounts have not been altered. Consistency concept is each firm should try to choose the methods which give the most reliable picture of the business. Example is the method used for calculating stock has been changed from LIFO to FIFO to overage cost. i) Capital expenditure is made when a firm spends money either to: Buy fixed assets, or Add to the value of an existing fixed asset. Included in such amounts should be those spent on: Acquiring fixed assets. Bringing them into the firm. Legal costs of buying buildings. Carriage inwards on machinery bought. Any other cost needed to get the fixed asset ready for use. Revenue expenditure is expenditure which is not for increasing the value fixed assets, but for running the business on a day-to-day basis, is known as revenue expenditure. The difference between revenue and capital expenditure can be seen clearly with the total cost of using a motor van for a firm. To buy a motor van is capital expenditure. The motor van will be in use for several years and is, therefore, a fixed asset. To pay for petrol to use in the motor van for the next few days is revenue expenditure. This is because the expenditure is used up in a few days and does not add to the value of fixed assets. Revenue expenditure is treated to expenses and they will posted to Income statement. Capital expenditure is treated to fixed assets and transact to Balance sheet. Difference between capital and revenue expenditure Expenditure Type of Expenditure 1. Buying motor van Capital 2. Petrol costs for motor van Revenue 3. Repairs to motor van Revenue 4. Putting extra headlights on motor van Capital 5. Buying machinery Capital 6. Electricity cost of using machinery Revenue 7. We spent RM 1,500 on machinery. RM 1,000 was for an item added to the machine: RM500 for repairs Capital RM1,000 Revenue RM 500 8. Painting outside of new building Capital 9. Three years later- repainting outside of building in (8) Revenue d) Reducing balance method Cost price 1 year Cost = RM 100,000 % = 10% 2005 Cost = 100,000 X 10% = 10000 X 7/12= 5833 100,000 5833 = 94167 2006 Cost = 94167 X 10% = 94167 X 7/12 = 5493 94167 5493 = 88674 e) i) Relevance is one more factors that must be present in the information for it to be useful. Information that is not relevant is considered as a waste of valuable time in decision making. ii) Reliability is the right decision based on a set of financial information would also depend on the reliability of the information. In the context, self generated information is considered to be the most reliable as compared to information gather by third parties. The user must be able to depend on the truthfulness of the information. iii) Comparability is procedures and practices should remain the same across time and reports, if difference is occurs they should be due to substantive differences in the events and conditions reported rather than arbitrarily implemented practices or procedures for data collection. iv) Understandability is information should be simple but not over simplified. Explanations and interpretations should be included where necessary. Understandability of information is governed by user characteristics and characteristics of information provided. Understandability may be relating to a particular decision makes. i) Share holder ii) Manager iii) Bank iv) Government v) Creditor QUESTION 2 You have been supplied with the following balances for Betsy Li, a sole trader, for the year ended 31 December 2009: RM Property at cost 140,000 Equipment at cost 70,000 Provision for depreciation at 01/01/09: Property 4,200 Equipment 17,500 Purchases 385,000 Sales 592,000 Stock at 01/01/09 17,400 Discount allowed 14,000 Discount received 1,900 Returns outward 17,600 Wages and salaries 43,400 Creditors 28,500 Debtors 15,800 Bank overdraft 2,900 Cash in hand 520 Drawings 17,950 Provision for bad debts at 01/01/09 200 General expenses 11,400 Long term loan 20,000 Capital at 01/01/09 30,670 The following adjustments need to be taken into account: Stock at 31/12/09 is $21,600 Wages and salaries outstanding at 31/12/09 are $4,,100 General expenses includes a prepayment for rates of $1,000 The provision for bad debts needs increasing to $280 Depreciation for the year has still to be provided as follow: Property 1.5% per year using the straight line method Equipment 25% per year using the reducing balance method Loan interest of $2,000 is outstanding Required: a) Prepare a trial balance for Betsy Li as at 31 December 2009. (10 marks) b) Prepare the Income Statement and Balance Sheet for Betsy Li for the period ending 31 December 2009. (15 marks) ANSWER QUESTION 2 Trial Balance at 31 December 2009 Property 140,000 Equipment at cost 70,000 Property 4,200 Equipment 17,500 Purchases 385,000 Sales 592,000 Stock 174,00 Discount allowed 14,000 Discount received 1,900 Return outward 17,600 Wages and salaries 43,400 Creditors 28,500 Debtors 15,800 Bank overdraft 2,900 Cash in hand 520 Drawings 17,950 Provision for bad debts 200 General expenses 11,400 Long term loan 20,000 Capital 30,670 715470 715470 Income statement for Betsy Li for the year ending 31 December 2009 Sales 592,000 592,000 less) Cost of good sales Opening stock 17,400 Purchase 385,000 less) Return outwards (17,600) 367,400 Net purchase 384,800 less) Closing stock (21,600) (363,200) Gross profit 228,800 add) Revenue Discount received 1,900 230,700 less) Expenses Discount allowed 14,000 Wages and salaries (43,400+4,100) 47,500 General expenses (11,400-1000) 10400 i) Provision for depreciation = Property at cost 2,100 ii) = Equipment at cost 13,125 iii) Provision for doubtful dept 80 Loan interest 2,000 (89205) Net profit 141,495 140,000 X 1.5% = 2100 70,000 17,500 = 52,500 X 25% = 13,125 iii) Provision for bad debts Balance b/d 280 Balance b/d 280 Income statement 80 280 280 Cost Accumulated Depreciation Fixed assets Property 140,000 6,300 133,700 Equipment 70,000 30,625 39,375 173075 Current assets Stock 21,600 Debtor 15,800 Provision for bad debt (280) 15,520 General expenses prepayment 1000 38,640 Current liability Creditor 28,500 Bank overdraft 2900 Wages and salaries outstanding 4,100 Loan interest outstanding 2000 (37,500) 1,140 174,215 Financed by Capital 30,670 add) Net Profit 141,495 172,165 less) Drawing (17,950) 154,215 Non-current liabilities Long term loan 20,000 174,215

Insignificance Of Words :: essays research papers

The Insignificance of Words A man walks down a dimly lit street; the bright red lights above the hospital’s exit are now just a faint glow behind him. As he staggers along the city blocks back to his quiet row home, he ponders the tragic news he has just received regarding his mother’s failing health. A couple blocks from the refuge of his home, he runs into some of the neighborhood locals. Some he knows most he doesn’t, but greets them all the same. â€Å"How’s it goin’?† he says, in a voice that is less then enthusiastic. â€Å"Good† they reply, â€Å"How’s it goin’ with you?† The man responds â€Å"Good, thanks for asking†, again not showing much interest in the conversation he just finished, he trudges toward home. After passing the locals, the man is amused at the simple truth that he is not doing â€Å"good† and that he does not really care if those people are. He ponders the stupidity of the conversation he just had and l aughs for the first time all day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As he enters his doorway and hangs up his jacket, he slowly glances around the living room and finds his way to the olive colored sofa. As he searches the coffee table for the remote control, he begins to think of his ailing mother and her impact on his life. His search ends as he finds the clicker and turns on the television. Not paying any attention to the infomercial on the screen, he is just glad that the silence of his home is broken. As Chuck Norris is explaining why the â€Å"Ab Slide is the newest, safest and most effective method for getting in shape in the comfort of your own home.† He reflects back on the conversation that he had walking home from the hospital. He quickly laughs again and thinks what was the point of even talking to them. . The simple nonchalant nature of not caring what â€Å"is† goin’on, reflects one of the reasons why individuals in America are becoming less community oriented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do they even care how I am? Do they even know who I am? Should I trouble them with the predicament that I am in? Would it be proper to stop and explain to these people how my mother is dying and how much pain I am in. Unsure if the man was rude to his neighbors with his dismissive attitude towards their conversation he reflected back on his life.

Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy

SUMMARY & CRITIQUE OF: â€Å"Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy† (by David Callahan) In â€Å"Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy,† author David Callahan explains the fundamental reasons for the decay of simple business ethics in today’s economy in order to meet bottom line standards. Callahan draws conclusions from everyday businesses such as auto mechanic services, law offices, and even professional medical firms to prove that people will almost always choose financial stability over integrity. The economic life in America has transformed itself into a vast land of professionals focused on achieving â€Å"lean and mean† businesses in efforts to achieve the â€Å"American Dream,† but in essence lose sense of their morals. What happens when an employee is living a standard life with a job just barely getting them by? Executives at corporate headquarters decide to send down a new set of marching orders that drill employees with twice as much work for a sharply decreased base pay. Those marching orders have coined the term bottom line standards. American businesses have become highly competitive today in a market that is constantly changing to keep up with a new generation of ideas. These fluctuations in the economy have caused businesses to take different methods of actions to be competitive in the market. In the 1970’s Sears reigned as one of America’s well known retailers and shaped popular culture. As the market of demand became more competitive, Sears’ earnings began falling off the market. In order to get on the stock market, Sears had to cut 48,000 jobs and institutionalized a new compensation system (Callahan 31). As Sears set their new bottom-line standards to increase efficiency, it caused uproar from the employees. The demands of the company ultimately undermined the integrity of their workers. The pressure to make unpleasant ethical choices at work had employees â€Å"torn between moral integrity, losing [their] job, and trying to figure out how to work all this out† (Callahan 31). Employees of companies with bottom line standards were faced with a new decision at margin which made doing the right thing harder: suffer a pay cut and risk losing their job or cheat the customer. Not to our surprise, the employee would almost always choose their economic stability over their integrity. It is still not easy to say that the employee’s conscious didn’t warn them of the risks, the first time. It begins with just a simple upgrade tune up and then trickles to $1,000 in new auto parts. If we look back at the Sear’s auto mechanic example, a mechanic could easily convince the customer that their car needed a whole new system because of the customer’s lack of knowledge of the subject. The customer automatically assumes there is a guaranteed trust commitment to their service, but in turn gets fooled. The evidence unearthed by investigators found nearly identical reports of cheating at one Sears auto repair shop after another. The art of deception played a key role in fooling customers. The â€Å"ordinary people† at the New York City law firms were bound by an oath to abide a rigorous code of ethics (Callahan 33). Though these lawyers dealt with legal affairs of America’s largest companies, they were faced with not meeting year end billing requirements. In the most desperate cases of being downsized, lawyers turned to padding their hours by simply making up the numbers. They rounded up their hours and added in miscellaneous hours which was described as the â€Å"new math† (Callahan 39). â€Å"Let me tell you how you will start acting unethically†¦One day, not too long after you start practicing law, you will sit down at the end of a long, tiring day, and you just won’t have much to show for your efforts in terms of billable hours†¦so what you’ll do is pad your time sheet just a bit†¦However you will promise yourself that you will repay the client at the first opportunity by doing thirty minutes for the client for ‘free. In this way, you will be ‘borrowin,’ not stealing,† (Schlitz qtd. in Callahan 39). Commitments to meeting bottom line standards and greed have become directions of undermining integrity of even the most trusted profession: medical doctors. Medical professionals begin engaging in multilevel marketing companies such as the Wellness International Network (WIN), which dictate distributors to sell their company’s product at any extent. By earning money off of new distributors, this multilevel marketing became a pyramid scheme for destruction. Report peg the sale of health supplements by doctors at nearly $200 million in 2001, a tenfold increase from 1997. An estimated 20,000 doctors are now selling supplements from their offices, more than double the number of five years ago† (Callahan 49). These sorts of insider trading within their offices go against the American Medical Association guidelines that â€Å"doctors must ensure that the claims supporting any products they sell to patients are ‘scientifically valid and backed up by peer reviewed literature and other unbiased scientific sources’† (Callahan 49). They clearly prohibit the exchange of medical equipment, but the profit is too grand for the doctors to pass up. Those in the medical profession argue that they resort to such options to pay for their debt payments and management. Comments such as â€Å"I was used to following doctors advice†¦Doctors have the training, so you’ve got to respect their expertise† (Cumminskey qtd. in Callahan 48) prove that doctors hold a high level of respect for their profession, but it diminishes as scandals of deception are released to the public. In Steven Messner’s and Richard Rosenfeld’s article A Society Organized for Crime, they explain that people’s behavior towards meeting bottom line standards is to fulfill the American Dream. They state that the American Dream is an ideology that â€Å"people are socialized to accept the desirability of pursing the goal of material success, and they are encouraged to believe that the changes of the Dream are sufficiently high to justify a continued commitment to this cultural goal† (Messner 6). Generally, success in today’s society is defined by monetary and material gains. Therefore people are willing to go at any measure to achieve that success. Both articles explain how crime and delinquency arise from economic disputes that are settled with unethical behavior. The issue at hand is the fact that these issues cannot be solved in conventional ways, but only by working around the system to deceive their customers. Callahan’s article reinforces these popular notions that crime is not always intentional, but a means of getting through small obstacles in life in an unethical matter. These illegal activities begin as small meaningless preconceived activities and then sprout to everyday routines that are accepted within their business community. Callahan also makes us reconsider the power of higher authority figures that knowingly condone and usually promote this unethical behavior. This takes us back to the old saying, would you jump off a cliff if everyone did? The answer is yes. In all three of the cases, personal issues about cheating were put aside because â€Å"everyone was doing it. † I found these readings really interesting and relevant to the topic of crime and delinquency. Callahan does an excellent job of explaining the effects of bottom lines standards on people and the economy. I completely agree with his perspective that choosing economical stability over integrity will get a person closer to the American Dream then losing their job. It poses a moral issue, but in this century you can’t live on just integrity. The sad truth is people gain integrity from their monetary and material wealth. I believe Callahan could really expand on this topic by looking further into the psychological standpoint of meeting bottom line standards in order to get a better understanding of what goes through a person’s mind when deciding to go against their morals. KEY POINTS, ISSUES, AND QUESTIONS:Doing the right thing gets harder as the pressure between financial stability and integrity is put on the line.The game of hustling becomes everyday knowledge that moral ethics are completely put aside.  The American Dream causes people to act irrationally, but if you really think about it their unethical act stimulate the economy.Question: What are the implications of Callahan’s work for discovering cheating in a bottom line economy? Question: What are the psychological aspects of going against morals to deceive people ?

Kingship in Macbeth Essay

The theme of kingship is one which can be see constantly throughout the play. This makes sense as the play is ultimately a tribute to King James I, who was king when Macbeth was written in 1606. King James strongly believed that becoming king was a divine right and that they themselves, as kings, were God’s representatives on earth. All these aspects can be seen from beginning to end of Macbeth and we see how when this order of kings is changed by unnatural means, everyone suffers. During the course of the play we see the traits of four kings: Duncan, Macbeth, Edward and Malcolm. Through the reign of each of these kings, we are shown clearly how a country is only stable if the king is good and virtuous. In Shakespearean times, a king had absolute power and the welfare of the state depended strongly on him. All people were similar to King James in the belief that kings were appointed by divine right, and had to possess the king becoming graces of, ‘’justice, verity, temperance, bounty, perseverance, stableness, lowliness and devotion. ’’ When the play opens, we see Duncan as king. He himself admit that there ‘’is not art to finding the mind’s construction in the face. ’’ This inability to judge people well, ultimately leads to his downfall. The original Thane of Cowdor, ‘’a man in whom I [Duncan] placed upmost trust’’ rebelled against Scotland when under the reign of Duncan, something which Duncan could not foresee. Similar happened with Macbeth. Duncan trusted Macbeth and saw him as a ‘’brave and valiant cousin. ’’ Duncan’s trusting of Macbeth lead to his own untimely death. We can see clearly Duncan’s weakness as king; he trusts too easily. We can also see the traits of a good king in his character as his punishes those who commit treason (Thane of Cowdor), and rewards those who are brave and loyal (Banquo and Macbeth), ‘’go announce his present death and with his former title greet Macbeth. ’’ It is clear that people respected Duncan as king and his godliness can be seen in the words expressed by Macduff when he is murdered, ‘’ most sac religious murder hath broke ope’ the lord’s anointed temple and stolen the life hense. ’’ Ironically Macbeth himself praises and acknowledges Duncan’s qualities, ‘’ Duncan hath borne his faculties so meek. ’ When Macbeth becomes king, we see the opposite to Duncan. Macbeth reigns with terror and has constant feelings of paranoia, trusting no one, ‘’to be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus,’’ ‘’we have scorched the snake, not killed it,’’ ‘’our fears in Banquo stick deep. ’’ Macbeth’s reign cannot be succeeded by his children as he became king through a sinful and unnatural act of regicide, ‘’upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. ,’’ During this time, regiside was considered to be one of the most unforgivable crimes possible- the killing of God’s chosen representative on Earth. This act alone show that Macbeth will rule as a king of terror. His reign is characterised by instability, he has upset natural order and this can be seen reflected in the natural world around him, ’’thou seest the heavens as troubled with man’s act .. by the clock tis day and yet dark light stangles the travelling lamp. ’’ The chaos and disorder seen in Scotland under Macbeth’’s rule is reflected in the natural world. As king, Macbeth focuses on the wrong things, he tries to achieve strength and power and puts this ‘’vaulting ambition’’ before his duty to lead Scotland. Macbeth could in no way be considered divine, a clear contrast to ‘’meek’’ Duncan. The character of Macbeth is associated with evil and witch-craft and his is known to others as a ‘’tyrant whose sole name blisters our tongues,’’ synonymous with power, although he has no legal or God-chosen right to have it. In Macbeth we see a king who deviates completely from all the ‘’king becoming graces’’ and qualities of a good king, and as a result, his country suffers greatly, ‘’every morn new widows howl, new orphans cry. ’ In the play, we never actually meet Edward the Confessor, King of England, but through descriptions from Malcolm we can see clearly that he embodies all that a true, virtuous king should. He is associated with ‘’heaven’’ and ‘’grace’’ and all things ‘’saintly. ’’ Edward is said to possess the a bility to foresee the future and to heal the sick, he does not abuse these powers like Macbeth, but instead puts them to good use, ‘’ he hath a heavenly gift of prophecy, and sundry blessings hang about his throne. ’’ We see in Edward a king who is a good judge of character, unlike Duncan. Edward welcomes Malcolm into his court and agrees to help him despite many thoughts that Malcolm is the one who murdered Duncan. Edward can see Malcolm innocence and kindly offers him a safe haven where he can regroup. The qualities of kingship seen in Edward are that of honesty, kindness and holiness, all adhering to the fore-mentioned ‘’king becoming graces. ’’ This example of a most excellent king would have impressed King James of England at the time as it was widely known that King James was a descendent of King Edward’s. Malcolm, Duncan’s son and rightful heir to the throne, does not become king until the final scene of the play but still we are left feeling Scotland is in safe hands. Malcolm shows his qualities earlier in the play and from this we can see just what kind of king he is going to be. The anointing of Malcolm as king of Scotland restores natural order after the hellish reign of Macbeth. We feel as if Malcolm will be fair and honest as king and we know he understands what is expected of him, as he was in fact the character who listed the ‘’king becoming graces such as justice, verity, temperance †¦ ’ We see he is a better judge of character than that of his late father as before trusting Macduff, he tests his loyalty to Scotland. He also understands how the power associated with being in king can easily go to one’s head, no matter how honest they may seem previous, ‘’ a good virtuous nature may recoil in an imperial charge. ’†™ Before we learn of any of this, we know Malcolm resides in the palace of King Edward, this association alone causes us to automatically characterise Malcolm with goodness and honesty. Malcolm is respected and liked by the people, this is show by the fact that he was able to bring together an army of ‘’ten thousand’’ to fight against the ‘’tyrant’’ Macbeth. With Malcolm as king, we see peace and unity once again being restored to Scotland, ‘’Hail king of Scotland. ’’ The only criticism I would have of Malcolm is the fact that he rewards directly, all those who have been loyal to him,’’ my thanes and kinsmen, hensforth be Earls. ’ This action reminds us of Duncan’s hasty reaction of appointing Macbeth as Thane of Cowdor. He rewarded immediately Macbeth’s seemed bravery but paid most dearly for it. I could not help but wonder if Malcolm may perhaps suffer a similar fate. We see in all the kings mentioned in Macbeth, many differences. These differences allow us to contrast the characters and explore deeply the theme of kingship in the play. In Macbeth, w e see an unnatural king which causes chaos in his country. He rules with terror and evil. Duncan was a king who rules with peace and honesty, but his trusting nature unfortunately lead to his untimely death. In both Malcolm and Edward, we see good kings who appear to possess and understand the qualities needed to be king. Although it can be said that a fault may be seen in Malcolm’s character, this is no more than a suggestion, and I feel that his positive traits as King overwrite this. At the end of the play we are left feeling satisfied that has been left in safe hands.